CVE-2025-54165
📋 TL;DR
An out-of-bounds read vulnerability in QNAP operating systems allows remote attackers with administrator credentials to read sensitive memory contents. This affects QNAP NAS devices running vulnerable QTS and QuTS hero versions. Attackers could potentially extract secret data like passwords, keys, or other sensitive information.
💻 Affected Systems
- QNAP QTS
- QNAP QuTS hero
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Administrator-level attacker extracts encryption keys, passwords, or other critical secrets leading to full system compromise and data exfiltration.
Likely Case
Attacker with compromised admin credentials reads sensitive configuration data or credentials stored in memory.
If Mitigated
With proper access controls and network segmentation, impact is limited to the specific compromised admin account's access scope.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation requires administrator credentials. No public exploit code is currently available.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: QTS 5.2.7.3256 build 20250913 or later, QuTS hero h5.2.7.3256 build 20250913 or later, QuTS hero h5.3.1.3250 build 20250912 or later
Vendor Advisory: https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-25-50
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Log into QNAP web interface as administrator. 2. Go to Control Panel > System > Firmware Update. 3. Check for updates and install the latest firmware. 4. Reboot the device after installation completes.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Restrict Admin Access
allLimit administrator account access to trusted IP addresses only.
Configure firewall rules to restrict admin interface access to specific IP ranges
Enable Multi-Factor Authentication
allRequire MFA for all administrator accounts to prevent credential compromise.
Enable MFA in QNAP Control Panel > Security > Two-Factor Authentication
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Isolate QNAP devices on separate network segments with strict firewall rules
- Implement strict monitoring and alerting for admin account access patterns
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check firmware version in Control Panel > System > Firmware Update. Compare against patched versions listed in advisory.Check Version:
ssh admin@qnap-ip 'cat /etc/config/uLinux.conf | grep version' or check web interfaceVerify Fix Applied:
Confirm firmware version shows patched version in Control Panel > System > Firmware Update.📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unusual admin login patterns
- Multiple failed admin login attempts followed by success
- Memory access errors in system logs
Network Indicators:
- Unusual outbound data transfers from QNAP device
- Admin interface access from unexpected IP addresses
SIEM Query:
source="qnap" AND (event_type="admin_login" AND src_ip NOT IN trusted_ips) OR (event_type="memory_error")