CVE-2025-52430
📋 TL;DR
A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability in QNAP operating systems allows remote attackers with administrator credentials to cause denial-of-service conditions. This affects multiple QNAP NAS devices running vulnerable QTS and QuTS hero versions. The vulnerability requires administrative access but can disrupt system availability.
💻 Affected Systems
- QNAP QTS
- QNAP QuTS hero
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Complete system crash or unavailability of QNAP NAS services, disrupting all hosted applications and data access.
Likely Case
Service disruption affecting specific QNAP services or applications, requiring system reboot to restore functionality.
If Mitigated
Minimal impact if proper access controls prevent unauthorized administrative access and systems are patched.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation requires administrative access, making credential compromise a prerequisite.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: QTS 5.2.7.3256 build 20250913 or later, QuTS hero h5.2.7.3256 build 20250913 or later, QuTS hero h5.3.1.3250 build 20250912 or later
Vendor Advisory: https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-25-50
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Log into QNAP web interface as administrator. 2. Navigate to Control Panel > System > Firmware Update. 3. Check for updates and apply the latest version. 4. Reboot the NAS when prompted.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Restrict Administrative Access
allLimit administrative access to trusted IP addresses and networks only.
Configure firewall rules to restrict admin interface access to specific IP ranges
Enable Multi-Factor Authentication
allRequire MFA for all administrative accounts to prevent credential-based attacks.
Enable MFA in QNAP Control Panel > Security > Two-Factor Authentication
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Isolate QNAP devices on separate network segments with strict firewall rules
- Implement network monitoring for unusual administrative access patterns
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check QNAP firmware version in Control Panel > System > Firmware Update. Compare against patched versions listed in advisory.Check Version:
ssh admin@qnap-ip 'cat /etc/config/uLinux.conf | grep version' or check web interfaceVerify Fix Applied:
Confirm firmware version matches or exceeds patched versions: QTS 5.2.7.3256+, QuTS hero h5.2.7.3256+, or h5.3.1.3250+.📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Multiple failed admin login attempts followed by successful login
- System crash logs or unexpected reboots
- Unusual administrative activity from unexpected sources
Network Indicators:
- Administrative interface access from unusual IP addresses
- Traffic patterns suggesting DoS activity
SIEM Query:
source="qnap" AND (event_type="authentication_failure" OR event_type="system_crash") | stats count by src_ip